Blues is the soul of African-American culture — a freed slave's cry turned into music. At its core lies the 12-bar cycle, the blues scale with “blue notes” (flattened 3rd, 5th, and 7th degrees), and the call-and-response pattern inherited from African work songs.
Blues legends: Robert Johnson (1911–1938, the myth of his pact with the devil at the crossroads), B.B. King, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, John Lee Hooker. Blues became the foundation of rock (the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, Eric Clapton). In Ukraine the blues scene is represented by bands Mustang Blues Band, Chornyi Kvadrat, and the festivals Rock and Buh, Jazz & Blues Kyiv.














