The tuba appeared relatively late — in 1835 in Germany. Before that, the orchestra's bass function was handled by the serpent and ophicleide — instruments difficult to play. The tuba, with its valves, gave the bass section clarity and agility.
Despite its enormous size (around a metre tall), the tuba is capable of surprising virtuosity. Ralph Vaughan Williams wrote a concerto for it; John Williams gave it solos in the Star Wars score. In jazz, the bass tuba (sousaphone) underpins the marching bands of New Orleans. Ukrainian tubists participate in international brass festivals, continuing both the academic and jazz traditions.
