Sforzando (Italian for “forcing,” marked sf or sfz) is an instruction to perform a single note or chord with a sudden, sharp accent, considerably louder than its surroundings, regardless of the overall dynamics. It is like an unexpected blow or flash that draws attention.
Sforzando is a powerful means of dramatisation and rhythmic sharpness. Beethoven especially loved it: sudden sforzandos on “wrong,” weak beats create the effect of springy, explosive energy, knocking the listener off the even pulse. Sforzando can express anger, resolve, surprise, or underline a climax. It is one of the most effective accent marks, giving music tension, character, and living drama.
